Oxidative Stress | The Coffee Lexicon

May 19, 2026

Updated: July 2026

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Lee F. Stowe

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Oxidative Stress | The Coffee Lexicon

Oxidative stress is an imbalance between unstable molecules called free radicals and the antioxidants that neutralize them in your body. When there are too many free radicals, they can damage your cells, proteins, and DNA, contributing to aging and chronic diseases like heart disease, cancer, and Alzheimer's.

Core Concepts

Free Radicals: Unstable oxygen molecules with an uneven number of electrons. They are a normal byproduct of breathing and metabolism, but excessive amounts cause damage.
Antioxidants: Molecules that safely donate an electron to free radicals, neutralizing them before they cause harm.
The Imbalance: Oxidative stress occurs when the rate of free radical production outpaces the body's antioxidant defenses.

Common Causes

Free radicals multiply due to a mix of normal metabolic processes and environmental exposures. Common triggers include:

Lifestyle Factors: Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and diets high in refined sugars and starches.
Environmental Exposures: Air pollution, radiation, sunlight (UV), toxins, and heavy metals.

Health Impacts

Prolonged or severe oxidative stress damages cellular structures, lipids, and DNA. Over time, this damage is linked to:

Chronic Conditions: Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders.
Accelerated Aging: The breakdown of tissues over time due to continuous free radical injury.